Islam Definition Essay Example for Free

Islam Definition Essay For the past few months I have been overseas working in the wonderful country of India. I’ve observed many different things; many unusual things about this country. India has a wide variety of cultures and religions. The holiday I have learned about is called Hajj. Hajj means ‘to set out for a place’. Hajj is the pilgrimage that Muslims make to Makkah or also called Mecca , Saudi Arabia, and is one of the five basic requirements of Islam. It is a religious high point of a Muslim’s life and is an event that every Muslim dreams of being part of. Hajj is a religious obligation to be fulfilled at least once in the course of the life of each Muslim law grants, and is a series of detailed rituals. It is a Muslims obligation to be mindful of their friends and family and to all humans whatsoever. Islamic followers believe that every nation should have a unity so they can all worship God. They believe that through culture people will come together as a whole to praise God, and learn each other’s difficulties. All official duties are suppose to be completed between the ninth and thirteenth day of Hajj. There are three main pillars that are to be performed during Hajj. The first pillar is to get into a state of â€Å"Ihram† and intend to perform the pilgrimage. The second pillar is to stay at the field of â€Å"Arafat† on the ninth day of Hajj. If the person cannot complete the pilgrimage then he/she will have to try to complete it the following year. The third pillar is additional circling of the â€Å"Ka’ba† which is done after the first pillar and is performed from the tenth day of Hajj till the end of the month. These past couple months in India have been a great experience. I’ve learned a lot of new things, which has been something different for me. I would love to come back and visit all of the people that I have met, because everyone was so nice. Learning about the Hajj was very interesting to me, and I will go back and share all of my experiences with everyone back home.

Healthcare Governance and Management

Healthcare Governance and Management The healthcare organisation is complex and dynamic. This is because its practices are vital because the healthcare systems are increasingly and consistently facing challenges that if they provide no solutions, turmoil happens and lives become significantly affected. Berg, M., Black, G. (2014). Clinical governance and management constitute a necessary framework that aids in the continuum of organisational processes in the pursuit of well-being and health as collective goals. Berends, L. Crinall, K. (2014), Kickbusch, I. Gleicher, D. (2017) and Ross, F. and et al. (2014). Being mindful of the differences between clinical governance and management is crucial. There must be caution and precise boundaries needed to make sure that governance does not become entangled with management. Berends, L. Crinall, K. (2014). The entire concept of separating health care governor (or board) from healthcare manager can be confusing, but a division of duties must be established to clarify responsibilities and roles in the execution of the activities. Brennan, N. M., Flynn, M. A. (2013). To begin with, governing and managing are both influencing from a position of authority. Berends, L. Crinall, K. (2014) and Scott, L., Caress, A. (2005). And this is where governance and management become different governing is more of putting a competent person into a particular position while managing is overseeing the operations. (?) Healthcare governance deals with the big business picture of a health organisation; it is the body which makes the policies by which the management follows to have standards. It is a system by which managing bodies, managers, clinicians and staff share responsibility and accountability for the quality of care, continuously improving, minimising risks and fostering an environment of excellence in care for patients. Gupte, A., Mclntosh, B., Sheppy, B. (2012); Gottwald, M. Landsdown, G. E. (2014); Herd, G., Musaad, S., Herd, G., Musaad, S. A. (2015). Whereas, management provides the day-to-day activities of order and consistency of the organisation by following the management process of planning, organising, staffing, directing, and controlling members to ensure that they remain committed to their obligations. Day, G. E., Leggat, S. G. (2015) and Marquis, B. Huston, C. (2012). Multiple published research literature gave different definitions, yet it has a common idea that both bodies must have the principles of transparency, participation, responsiveness, equity, efficiency and effectivity, sustainability and accountability in improving the quality of services and patient safety.ÂÂ   These principles apply to any organisation whether local such as Lakes District Health Board or national like Ministry of Health. Gauld, R. Horsburgh, S. (2012), Curran, C., Totten, M. (2010) and Laouer, R. (2011). Separated, different, hierarchal or not clinical governance and health care management both define and identify the plans of the organisation as well as implement and put strategies into actions to achieve goals. Kumar, S., Adhish, V. S., Deoki, N. (2014). Although a distinction exists, they share a common goal- about people, and it covers the whole patients journey including the horizontal integration across the different levels of services and sector. Dr. Brown, J. and et al. (2009), Bismark, M. M., and et al. (2013), Gillam, S., & Siriwardena, A. N. (2013) and Blegen, N. E., & Severinsson, E. (2011). Resources: Bader, B. (2008). Distinguishing governance from management. Retrieved from http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/academicservices/documents/Academic%20Administration%20Workshops/Workshop%201/Distinguishing%20Governance%20from%20Management%20-%20Workshop%201.pdf Berends, L. Crinall, K. (2014). Management and Practice in Health and Human services organisations. Victoria, AU: Oxford University Press. p68. Berg, M., Black, G. (2014). A Canadian perspective on clinical governance. Clinical Governance: An International Journal, 19(4), 314-321. doi:10.1108/CGIJ-10-2014-0031 Bismark, M. M., Walter, S. J., Studdert, D. M. (2013). The role of boards in clinical governance: activities and attitudes among members of public health service boards in Victoria. Australian Health Review, 37(5), 682-687. doi:10.1071/AH13125 Blegen, N. E., Severinsson, E. (2011). Leadership and management in mental health nursing. Journal of Nursing Management, 19(4), 487-497. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2011.01237.x Brennan, N. M., Flynn, M. A. (2013). Differentiating clinical governance, clinical management and clinical practice. Clinical Governance: An international journal, 18(2), 114-131. doi:10.1108/14777271311317909 Curran, C., Totten, M. (2010). Expanding the role of nursing in health care governance. Nursing Economic, 28(1), 44-46. Day, G. E., Leggat, S. G. (2015). Leading and managing health services an Australian perspective. Port Melbourne, AU: Cambridge University Press. p5. Dr. Brown, J. and etal. (2009). Ministerial task group in clinical leadership in good hands transforming clinical governance in New Zealand. Retrieved from http://www.asms.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/In-Good-Hands-2009_151202.pdf Gauld, R. Horsburgh, S. (2012). Clinical Governance Assessment Project: Final Report on a National Health Professional Survey and Site Visits to 19 New Zealand DHBs. Dunedin: Centre for Health Systems, University of Otago. Gillam, S., Siriwardena, A. N. (2013). Leadership and management for quality. Quality in Primary Care, 21(4), 253-259. Gottwald, M. Landsdown, G. E. (2014). Clinical Governance Improving the quality of healthcare for patients and service users. New York, NY: Open University Press. p2. Gupte, A., Mclntosh, B., Sheppy, B. (2012). When two worlds collide: Corporate and clinical governance. British Journal of Healthcare Management, 18(12), 619-620. Herd, G., Musaad, S., Herd, G., Musaad, S. A. (2015). Clinical governance and point-of-care testing at health provider level. New Zealand Medical Journal, 128(1417), 41-46. Kickbusch, I. Gleicher, D. (2017). Governance for health in the 21st century. Retrieved from http://www.euro.who.int/en/publications/abstracts/governance-for-health-in-the-21st-century Kumar, S., Adhish, V. S., Deoki, N. (2014). Introduction to Strategic Management and Leadership for Health Professionals. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 39(1), 13-16. doi:10.4103/0970-0218.126345 Laouer, R. (2011). Physicians in management: a case study of their role in the governance structures in the French hospital boardroom. International Journal of Clinical Leadership, 17(2), 103-109. Lau, R., Cross, W., Moss, C., Campbell, A., De Castro, M., Oxley, V. (2014). Leadership and management skills of general practice nurses: Experience or education?. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 20(6), 655-661. doi:10.1111/ijn.12228 Marquis, B. Huston, C. (2012). Leadership roles and management functions in Nursing. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Ross, F., Smith, P., Byng, R., Christian, S., Allan, H., Price, L., Brearley, S. (2014). Learning from people with long-term conditions: New insights for governance in primary healthcare. Health Social Care in The Community, 22(4), 405-416. doi:10.1111/hsc.12097 Scott, L., Caress, A. (2005). Shared governance and shared leadership: Meeting the challenges of implementation. Journal of Nursing Management, 13(1), 4-12. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2004.00455.x

Evidence Based Practice (EBP) in Juvenile Justice Systems Essay exampl

Evidence Based Practice emerged in the late 20th century, becoming widespread in the 21st century. According to Research and Practice: The Role of Evidence-Based Program Practices in the Youth Mentoring Field ( 2009) â€Å"The concept of Evidence Based Practice (EBP) actually has its roots in the medical field, where the work of Archie Cochrane (1972) and others examined the key role that the substantial body of medical research and literature could play in how doctors make decisions in patient care† (para 6); Thus, a doctor’s decision would be an â€Å"educated† decision, based on evidence gathered (patient symptoms), history of cases they have overseen, or research of previous case diagnosed by another doctor, with a related case. Evidence Based Practices are defined as â€Å" integration of: (a) clinical expertise/expert opinion, (b) external scientific evidence, and (c) client/patient/caregiver perspectives to provide high-quality services reflecting the int erests, values, needs, and choices of the individuals we serve† (â€Å"Evidence Based Practice (EBP),† 1997-2014); often described as the â€Å"Best Practices†. The evidence itself is not the basis of decisions made, but it does help support the process of care given to our clients. Programs, policies, and practices are developed for at-risk youth, based on the evidence and research generated from this approach. The basis of such evidence is not to be the deciding factor, as stated above, but to help us identify programs, and policies that benefit our youth in positive ways. There is no doubt that human service organization will undergo changes, in relation to the people they serve. Hasenfeld (2010) suggest such sociodemographic changes are a result of immigration and migration, which c... ...t Practices in Juvenile Justice Reform. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.princeton.edu/futureofchildren/publications/highlights/18_02_Highlights.pdf Evidence Based Associates. (2004). Retrieved from http://www.evidencebasedassociates.com/about/history.html Evidence Based Practice (EBP). (1997-2014). Retrieved from http://www.asha.org/members/ebp/ Evidence-Based Programs for Juvenile Justice Reform in Louisiana. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.njjn.org/uploads/digital-library/resource_1650.pdf Kauffmann, M. (2010). Intergrating Evidence Based Practices into Juvenile Justice in NC. Retrieved from http://www.ncchild.org/sites/default/files/Integrating%20Evidence%20Based%20Practices%20into%20Juvenile%20Justice%20in%20NC.pdf Research and Practice: The Role of Evidence-Based Program Practices in the Youth Mentoring Field. (2009). Mentoring Resource Center, (30).

Global Effects of Ozone Depletion Essay -- Environment Ozone Layer Ess

Global Effects of Ozone Depletion Ozone depletion in the earth’s atmosphere is under constant scrutiny by the American press and people. Perhaps the concern is warranted; the ozone layer protects life on earth by absorbing 97-99% of the damaging ultraviolet radiation from the sun (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2006). Over the past twenty years, the stratospheric ozone has decreased approximately 3% per decade. Possible concerns have been raised about loss of polar caps, DNA damage, increased human health risks, and environmental process disturbance. Emerging research has helped clarify effects of global ozone depletion. Three areas that have received recent scientific attention include UV effects upon macroalgae, decomposition, and nitrogen fixation. Ozone is depleted both by natural and industrial sources. One natural source of depletion is volatile organohalogens, which are produced by marine macroalgae (Laturnus, et. al., 2004). Scientists are not sure why macroalgae produce organohalogens, but many believe it is due to stress. UV radiation is a known source of plant stress. If this is the case, then plants would likely produce more organohalogens if exposed to increased UV radiation. To test this hypothesis, a group of Swedish scientists applied increased levels of radiation to five marine macroalgal species. After four hours, the levels of organohalogens produced by the macroalgae were measured. The scientists found that â€Å"exposure to ultraviolet radiation rendered a significant increase in the concentration of four or more of the volatile organohalogens for each of the studied macroalgal species† (Laturnus, et. al., 2004). Although the findings appear quite disturbing initially, the inc... ...a A.; Sala, Osvaldo E.; Robson, T. Matthew; Caldwell, Martyn M.; Scopel, Ana L. 2005. Direct and indirect effects of solar ultraviolet-B radiation on long-term decomposition. Global Change Biology 11:1982–1989. Solheim, Bjorn; Zielke, Matthias; Bjerke, Jarle W.; Rozema, Jelte. 2004. Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on nitrogen fixation in arctic ecosystems. Plant Ecology 182:109–118. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2006. Ozone. http://www.epa.gov/maia/-html/ozone.html Wikipedia Encyclopedia. 2006. Ozone Depletion. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-Ozone_depletion Yang, Eun-Su; Cunnold, Derek M.; Salawitch, Ross J.; McCormick, M. Patrick; Russell, James III; Zawodny, Joseph M.; Oltmans, Samuel; Newchurch, Michael J. 2006. Attribution of recovery in lower-stratospheric ozone. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 111 (D17): Art. No. D17309.

Mozart Essay examples -- essays research papers

MOZART Mozart is perhaps the greatest musical genius who ever lived. Mozart 's full name is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Most people called him Mozart or Wolfgang. Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria, January 27, 1756. Mozart is the greatest musical child prodigy who ever lived. He began composing minuets at the age of 5 and symphonies at age 9. His father took him on a series of concert tours together with his sister, Maria Anna; born four and one-half years before Mozart. She too, was a child prodigy. Both played the keyboard, but Mozart became a violin virtuoso, as well. In 1762 he and his sister, "Nannerl," as she was nicknamed, performed before the Elector of Bavaria in Munich, and at the Imperial Court in Vienna. In 1763 the Morzart's visited Mannheim. This is where Mozart, learned all about the orchestra and symphonies composed there. In London Mozart met the son of J. S. Bach. He played before distinguished audiences, and composed a sacred chorus. In 1770, he began to master the two types of Italian opera: opera buffa (comic opera) and opera seria (serious opera). In 1777, Mozart's family visited Paris. His mother fell ill and died during their visit. In 1782, Mozart married Constanze Weber against his father's wishes. In 1783, Mozart and Constanze visited Salzburg, where he helped Michael Haydn out of a difficult spo...

Invictus Explication Essay

Written in the form of a sonnet, William Ernest Henleys poem â€Å"Invictus† describes the continuos battle against darkness and sin that every human being experiences in his or her life. â€Å"Invictus† is formatted in four stanzas with four lines each and every stanza serves a separate purpose then the stanzas before. Henley reveals one of the major themes of this poem through the words â€Å"My head is bloody, but unbowed† (8). This line at the end of stanza two displays that everybody will endure struggles at some point in their life, but they cannot let those struggles complete destroy hemselves. Each stanza not only introduces realistic struggles and hardships that human beings face, but they also illustrate how humans can triumph over those hardships. For example, the very beginning of the poem starts off with â€Å"Out of the night that covers me/ Black as the pit from pole to pole† implying that darkness and wickedness surround someone’s life (1-2). Later on in the beginning of stanzas two and three words such as â€Å"fell clutch/†¦ horror of the shade’†¦ [and] menace of the years† also introduce a dark and gloomy tone to the poem (4,9-10). Once the gloomy tone has een presented, Henley quickly switches gears and flips the tone to one of strength and encouragement; The transition of tones is exhibited in strong language such as â€Å"l have not winced, nor cried aloud† (6). Henley formats each stanza in a way where the reader leaves with positive thoughts as he or she continues reading. All throughout the poem, every line contains either a positive or negative tone; however, the order in which the lines are written change with each stanza. Rather than simply alternating between positive and negative tones with each line, Henley hanges not only the orders but also the amount of the positive and negative lines within each stanza. For example, the first stanza contains two negatively toned lines that are followed by two positive lines, but the second stanza alternates from negative to positive. By altering the order of the lines, Henley hints at the fact that life can throw good or bad things at you in any order. Different from all other stanza’s, the third stanza contains three negatively toned lines and only one positively toned line. The stanza begins â€Å"Beyond this place of wrath and tears/ Looms but the Horror of the shade/ and yet the menace of the years† creating an extremely dark and malicious feel to the stanza (9-11). However, the maliciousness is shown to be ineffective to this person as the â€Å"menace of the years/ finds and shall find [him/her] unafraid† (11-12). Since stanza three contains three negatively toned lines in a row, it indicates that life can become absolutely overwhelming with darkness and evil, but no matter how hopeless life may seem people always have the choice to fight and â€Å"be unafraid†. The themes of self-reliance and survival present themselves strongly in the last stanza. Essentially, Henleys â€Å"Invictus† can be summed up with one simple statement: humans control their own lives, they have been given the authority to do whatever they desire. The use of the words â€Å"Master† and â€Å"Captain† in lines 15-16 prove this statement because both masters and captains are leaders who are inclined to make their own decisions. These lasts lines ultimately prove that people are in control of in their own hands. Whether a person ends up down the road of triumph or defeat falls complete upon his or herself because â€Å"[they] are the Masters of [their] fate/ [they] are the Captains of [their] soul† (15-16).

Psych Exam

Psychology is best defined as the science of behavior and mental processes. A cognitive psychologist would be most likely to design a study of the processes involved in decision making. Roy is interested in the details of the relationship between the brain structures and behavior. Roy is most likely a biological psychologist. The tasks of an industrial/organizational psychologist Include Improving supervisors' leadership skills, creating maximum-efficiency work groups, and suggesting other research-based programs designed to Increase efficiency.An Industrial/organizational psychologist doing cross-cultural work finds that In Country Llama, the workers have the highest Job satisfaction when they are rewarded for their accomplishments and quality of work. Country Llama probably has an Individualist culture. Dan performs the same experiment on several different occasions. Each time he performs the experiment, his data suggests different conclusions.The results from Dawn's experiment lac k reliability. Tall Is Interested In how alcohol consumption affects driving ability. He gives college students two, four, or six beers and then assure how many obstacles the students â€Å"hit† when they are in a driving simulator. The dependent variable is the number of obstacles hit. Dry. Summers investigated the influence of snacking on the onset of sleep in preschool children.One group of preschoolers ate a candy bar prior to bedtime, the other group ate nothing. Time until the onset of sleep was recorded for each child. In his experiment, eating or not eating the snack is the independent variable, and the time until the onset of sleep is the dependent variable. Cine operated the telephone switchboard t a large company, answering calls and directing them to the appropriate extensions.Remembering her introductory to psychology class, she decided that her situation was much like that of the dendrites and axons of neurons, because numerous people could call her at one time, but she could send out only one call at a time. Since Gordon sustained sever head trauma, he can no longer perform basic sewing tasks such as treading a needle. When he tries to play the piano, it is as if his fingers do not remember how to make the necessary movements, even for pieces he has known for years. Gordon most likely has damage to his cerebellum.